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Paul Cezanne
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| Biography: |
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Paul C¨¦zanne
(1839-1906)
Paul C¨¦zanne was born into a family of Italian origin in Cesana Forinese. His father had established a felt hat business in Aix-en-Provence and later became a banker. In 1859 he bought a country house on the outskirts of Aix, the Jas de Bouffan, which was to be frequently represented in C¨¦zanne¡¯s paintings.
Between 1852 and 1859 Paul C¨¦zanne studied at the Coll¨¨ge Bourbon and it was there that he formed a friendship with Emile Zola, with whom he shared an interest in literature. In 1856 C¨¦zanne began to attend the evening drawing courses of Joseph-Marc Gibert at the Aix Museum. From 1859 to 1861 he studied law at Aix, entered his father¡¯s bank. By April 1861 his father had finally yielded to C¨¦zanne¡¯s desire to make a career in art and allowed him to go to Paris to study at the Acad¨¦mie Suisse. In Paris C¨¦zanne frequented the Louvre, met Pissarro and Guillaumin and, later on, Monet, Sisley, Bazille and Renoir. In September of the same year he was refused admission to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and went back to Aix, to the great relief of his father, who offered him a position in his bank. But in November 1862 Paul C¨¦zanne went back to Paris and took up painting again.
During his so called ¡°dark¡± or ¡°romantic¡± period (1862-70) Paul C¨¦zanne often visited Paris; he met with Edouard Manet and the future Impressionists, and tried to be accepted at the Salon. The Franco-Prussian War drove him to L¡¯Estaque near Marseilles. Paul C¨¦zanne¡¯s ¡°Impressionist¡± period (1873-79) is connected with his staying at Pontoise and Auvers-sur-Oise in 1872, 1873, 1874, 1877 and 1881; he worked with Pissarro and exhibited with the Impressionists in 1874 and in 1877. The canvases produced at L¡¯Estaque (1880-83) and at Gardanne (1885-88) are usually referred to Paul C¨¦zanne¡¯s ¡°constructive¡± period. In 1886 after his father¡¯s death, C¨¦zanne married Hortense Fiquet, with whom he had a secret liaison since 1870. She is said to look after the finished canvases, which C¨¦zanne never took care to keep and abandoned as soon as he completed the painting. The same year C¨¦zanne quarelled with Zola over the novel ¡°L¡¯Oeuvre¡±, in which the central figure, an unsuccessful and unbalanced painter, was identified with C¨¦zanne.
In 1887, after a long break, C¨¦zanne participated in the exhibition of Les XX at Brussels. Towards the beginning of Paul C¨¦zanne¡¯s ¡°synthetic¡± period (1890-1906) the younger generations of artists started to take an interest in him. His first one-man show was held in the Vollard Gallery in 1895. During these years the artist seldom visited Paris ¨C his longest stays there took place in 1895, 1899 and 1904 ¨C and produced many versions of canvases depicting Mount Sainte-Victoire, smok.... |
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